Russia

No major power has absorbed losses on this scale since 1945. They have allowed Russia to gain less than 1.5 percent of Ukraine, and this spring its army began giving ground back.

In six weeks of war in the Gulf, the US and its allies burned through more Patriot interceptors than the West produces in a year. Russia is seeking to take advantage of resulting supply shortfalls in Ukraine, whose government depends on those same missiles for its defense.